Lithostratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of the uppermost Cretaceous-Upper Paleocene strata of the Tavas nappe of the Lycian nappes (SW Turkey)

The Lycian nappes lying on top of the para–autochthonous metamorphosed Menderes and unmetamorphosed Bey Dağları successions in SW Anatolia belong to the Tauride segment of the Anatolide–Tauride Block. The Tavas nappe is one of several nappe slices of the Lycian nappe sand forms structurally the lowermost tectono–stratigraphic unit. The upper part of the Tavas nappe succession is represented by planktonic foraminifera–bearing uppermost Cretaceous cherty micritic limestones and calciturbidites of the Babadağ Formation and Lower Palaeogene micritic limestones and calciclastic rocks of the Faralya Formation in the study area. Lithostratigraphic characteristics and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages of the two formations in the Bozburun hill locality (S of Köyceğiz) are documented for the first time in three stratigraphic sections in this study. The uppermost part of the Babadağ Formation mainly comprises of alternating calciclastic and micritic limestones, which include diverse planktonic foraminiferal assemblages of mainly keeled morphotypes. The presence of Racemiguembelina fructicosa and Abathomphalus mayaroensis within the assemblages indicates a late Maastrichtian age for the uppermost part of the succession. Two sections of the overlying Faralya Formation comprise mainly planktonic foraminifera–bearing laminated micritic limestones, brecciated limestones and mudstones. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages of the laminated micritic limestones are dominated by keeled Late Palaeocene morphotypes. The occurrence of Morozovella acuta and Globanomalina planoconica at the base of two sections suggests a Thanetian age for the deposits. The boundary between the Babadağ and Faralya formations is characterized by a stratigraphic gap ranging from the latest Maastrichtian to the earliest Selandian. The gap was linked with the first of the three main events, when ophiolite obduction and incorporation of the Köyceğiz Thrust Sheet into the Lycian allochthon occured. Cretaceous limestone clasts and foraminifers within the Thanetian calciclastic rocks of the Faralya Formation could be clues to that exposure anderosion. </span

PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS VOLKANO-SEDIMENTARY SUCCESSIONS IN THE İNLER YAYLASI (ŞEBİNKARAHİSAR-EASTERN PONTIDES

Şebinkarahisar ilçesinin kuzeybatısında (Giresun-Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi), İnler Yaylası ve&nbsp;çevresinde yüzeyleyen Üst Kretase volkano-sedimenter istifleri ince pelajik kireçtaşı düzeyleri içerir.&nbsp;Bu çalışmada, pelajik kireçtaşı düzeylerinin planktonik foraminifer içeriği, yaşı ve çökelim ortamı&nbsp;ortaya konulmuştur. 5 ile 20 metre arasında değişen kalınlık sunan pelajik kireçtaşları, planktonik&nbsp;foraminifer içeren vaketaşları ve karbonat çamurtaşları ile temsil edilir.&nbsp;Ölçülü stratigrafi kesiti boyunca, kireçtaşlarında zengin planktonik foraminifer toplulukları&nbsp;tanımlanmıştır. Planktonik foraminifer topluluklarında istifin en alt bölümlerinden itibaren&nbsp;Abathomphalus mayaroensis (Bolli)'in varlığı tüm kireçtaşı paketinin engeç Mastrihtiyen'de&nbsp;çökeldiğini gösterir. Kireçteşı istifin alt düzeylerinde Abathomphalus mayaroensis Takson Menzil&nbsp;Biyozonu tanımlanmıştır. Çeşitlenmiş, iri, kalın kavkılı, kompleks planktonik foraminifer&nbsp;morfotiplerinin (K-seçilim) bolluğu çökelimin havza koşullarında olduğuna işaret eder The uppermost Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary successions cropping out in İnler Yaylası area&nbsp;and surroundings in northwest of Şebinkarahisar (Giresun-Eastern Black Sea Region) include thin&nbsp;pelagic limestone interlayers. Planktonic foraminifera content, age and depositional environment of&nbsp;the limestones are documented in this study. 5 to 20-m-thick pelagic limestones are represented by&nbsp;planktonic foraminifera-bearing wackestones and carbonate mudstones.&nbsp;Divers planktonic foraminiferal assemblages were observed within the limestones along a&nbsp;measured stratigraphic section. Occurrences of Abathomphalus mayaroensis (Bolli) within the&nbsp;planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from the base of the succession indicate that the whole&nbsp;limestone package was deposited during the latest Maastrichtian. Abathomphalus mayaroensis Taxon&nbsp;Range Biozone was identified from the lower part of the limestone succession. The abundance of&nbsp;divers, large, thick-walled complex planktonic foraminifera morphotypes (K-selection) suggests a&nbsp;deposition in basinal conditions

Lithostratigraphy and Sedimentological Characteristics of the Calciturbidites of the Babadağ Formation-Tavas Nappe (SW Turkey)

The Lycian Nappes contain slices of ophiolites and sedimentary rocks of various ages that crop out in SW Turkey. They evolved and were emplaced under the effect of the Late CretaceousMiocene compressional regime. The Tavas Nappe is part of the Lycian Nappes and contains Jurassic-Eocene sediments. The Babadağ Formation, forming the middle part of the Tavas Nappe, is composed of limestone at the base and various sized calciturbidites with chert intercalations in the upper part. The Standard Microfacies Classification (SMF of FLÜGEL, 2004) indicates that the entire unit was deposited mainly in a deep-shelf environment (Facies Zone – FZ-2), deep-sea (FZ-1), toe of slope (FZ-3) and on the continental slope (FZ-4). Calcite and quartz dominate the bulk mineralogy of the calciturbidites with higher SiO2 and CaO weight percentages than other major oxides. Additionally, the presence of Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, MgO, TiO2 and Fe2O3 is associated with the local sediment input. Tectonism and sea level fluctuations were the main triggering factors of the changes in the original depositional environment of the Babadağ Formation. Additionally, grain size and the amount of sediment input control the calciturbidite type and extension. Si enriched water circulation and Si and Ca substitution were responsible for the abundant chert formation during diagenesis of the units. Post depositional tectonic activities during transportation and emplacement of the nappes resulted in calcite filled cracks that cut both the calciturbidites and cherts. Study of the different nappe slices provides valuable information about syn- and post- depositional changes of the lithostratigraphic units

Reduced model for control in a hydroelectric unit at off-design operation

International audienceThis paper describes the development of a reduced-order linear mathematical model of a hydroelectric unit subject to pressure perturbations in the draft tube of the hydraulic turbine, as it is the case at off-design operation (partial load or full load). The objective behind this development is to design a control algorithm able to attenuate the effect of these hydraulic pressure oscillations on the hydroelectric unit. First, we develop the reduced-order linear hydraulic model of the turbine and the pipes. Then this hydraulic model is combined with a reduced order model of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. Finally we present simulation results of a controller designed with this model

Reduced model for control in a hydroelectric unit at off-design operation

International audienceThis paper describes the development of a reduced-order linear mathematical model of a hydroelectric unit subject to pressure perturbations in the draft tube of the hydraulic turbine, as it is the case at off-design operation (partial load or full load). The objective behind this development is to design a control algorithm able to attenuate the effect of these hydraulic pressure oscillations on the hydroelectric unit. First, we develop the reduced-order linear hydraulic model of the turbine and the pipes. Then this hydraulic model is combined with a reduced order model of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. Finally we present simulation results of a controller designed with this model

Automated crop plant counting from very high-resolution aerial imagery

Knowing before harvesting how many plants have emerged and how they are growing is key in optimizing labour and efficient use of resources. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a useful tool for fast and cost efficient data acquisition. However, imagery need to be converted into operational spatial products that can be further used by crop producers to have insight in the spatial distribution of the number of plants in the field. In this research, an automated method for counting plants from very high-resolution UAV imagery is addressed. The proposed method uses machine vision—Excess Green Index and Otsu’s method—and transfer learning using convolutional neural networks to identify and count plants. The integrated methods have been implemented to count 10 weeks old spinach plants in an experimental field with a surface area of 3.2 ha. Validation data of plant counts were available for 1/8 of the surface area. The results showed that the proposed methodology can count plants with an accuracy of 95% for a spatial resolution of 8 mm/pixel in an area up to 172 m2. Moreover, when the spatial resolution decreases with 50%, the maximum additional counting error achieved is 0.7%. Finally, a total amount of 170 000 plants in an area of 3.5 ha with an error of 42.5% was computed. The study shows that it is feasible to count individual plants using UAV-based off-the-shelf products and that via machine vision/learning algorithms it is possible to translate image data in non-expert practical information.</p

Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpuisi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Musikalisasi Pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP

  Abstrak:   Pembelajaran apresiasi puisi umumnya banyak mengalami kendala pada siswa. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, diantaranya adalah siswa merasa terbebani oleh ketidakbiasaan dalam memusikalisasi puisi. Belum lagi karena kemampuan memusikalisasis puisi yang diiringi dengan musik, mengalami kendala. Begitupun dengan guru harus berkompeten dalam bidangnnya dan terlebih dahulu memahaminya.  Jika seorang guru tidak berkompeten dan tidak sesuai dengan ilmu yang dimilikinya, maka akan membuat kesulitan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Peningkatkan Kemampuan Keterampilan Berpuisi dengan Menggunakan Metode Musikalisasi pada Siswa Kelas IX SMPN 5 Praya Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Berdasarkan hasil dan penyajian data yang telah diuraikan di atas, maka beberapa kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Pada prasiklus, para siswa memperoleh nila yang sangat rendah dan tidak ada yang mengalami ketuntasan. Hal ini terbukti dari nilai perolehan IPK yang hanya mencapai 32, 09, 2). Pada siklus 1, secara individu kemampuan siswa memusikalisasi puisi mencapai kategori tinggi sebanyak 2 orang (4,65%), kategori sedang sebanyak 41orang (95,34%) IPK yang dicapai adalah (60,02%) termasuk kategori normal, 3). Pada siklus 2 secara individu kemampuan siswa dalam memusikalisasi puisi mencapai kategori tinggi sebanyak 43 oarang (100%) IPK yang mampu dicapai siswa adalah 82,62 termasuk kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa keterampilan berpuisi dengan menggunakan metode musikalisasi pada siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 5 Praya Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan  berpuisi. Abstract: Learning poetry appreciation generally experiences many obstacles in students. This is due to several things, including students feeling burdened by unfamiliarity in musicalizing poetry. Not to mention that the ability to musicalize poetry accompanied by music has encountered obstacles. Likewise, teachers must be competent in their fields and first understand them.  If a teacher is not competent and not in accordance with the knowledge he has, it will create difficulties in the teaching and learning process. This study aims to describe Improving the Ability of Poetry Skills by Using the Musicalization Method in Class IX Students of SMPN 5 Praya Timur, Central Lombok Regency. Based on the results and presentation of the data described above, some conclusions that can be drawn in this study are: 1) In the precycle, the students obtained very low indigo and none experienced completeness. This is evident from the GPA acquisition value which only reached 32, 09, 2). In cycle 1, individually the ability of students to musicalize poetry reached the high category of 2 people (4.65%), the medium category of 41 people (95.34%) the GPA achieved was (60.02%) including the normal category, 3). In cycle 2, individually, students' ability to musicalize poetry reached a high category of 43 people (100%), the GPA that students were able to achieve was 82.62, including the high category. This shows that poetry skills using the musicalization method in grade IX students of SMP Negeri 5 Praya Timur, Central Lombok Regency can improve poetry skills.

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika pada Materi Keliling Bangun Datar

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja kesalahan yang dialami siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi pengukuran bangun datar tentang keliling bangun datar keliling bangun datar, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang menyebabkan siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi pengukuran bangun datar tentang keliling bangun datar keliling bangun datar, dan untuk mengetahui solusi untuk mengurangi kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi pengukuran bangun datar tentang keliling bangun datar keliling bangun datar.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan menggunakan tiga metode pengumpulan data yaitu: metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan instrumen penelitian menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan test soal essay. Analisis data, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Berdasarkan analisis data dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: (1) kesalahan yang dialami siswa kelas IV dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi pengukuran bangun datar tentan keliling bangun datar keliling bangun datar. Soal yang paling banyak dijawab benar adalah pada nomor 1, dimana dari 20 siswa ada 16 (90%) siswa yang menjawab benar. (2) faktor penyebab kesulitan yang dialami siswa terdiri dari tiga faktor penyebab yaitu faktor kesulitan memahami dalam membaca soal, faktor tidak memahami konsep,dan faktor lupa, tidak teliti, dan Tergesa-gesa dalam mengerjakan soal. (3) Upaya guru untuk mengurangi kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal essay yaitu memerbanyak latihan soal, menggunakan media pembelajaran yang kreatif dan menerapkan pembelajaran yang mudah dipahami.Abstract: This study aims to find out what errors students experience in solving math problems about the measurement of flat shapes about the circumference of flat shapes about the circumference of flat shapes, to find out what factors cause students to make mistakes in solving math problems about the measurement of flat shapes about the circumference of shapes. flat around flat shapes, and to find out solutions to reduce students' difficulties in solving math problems about measuring flat shapes about the circumference of flat shapes around flat shapes. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, using three data collection methods, namely: interview, observation, and documentation methods, while the research instrument used interview guidelines and essay test questions. Data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) the errors experienced by grade IV students in solving math problems on the measurement of flat shapes about the circumference of a flat shape around a flat shape. The question that was most answered correctly was number 1, where out of 20 students there were 16 (90%) students who answered correctly. (2) the factors causing the difficulties experienced by students consisted of three causative factors, namely the difficulty of understanding in reading the questions, the factors of not understanding the concept, and the factors of forgetting, not being thorough, and being hasty in working on the questions. (3) The teacher's efforts to reduce students' difficulties in solving essay questions are increasing number of practice questions, using creative learning media and applying easy-to-understand learning

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BAGI TUTOR PKBM (PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT)

Abstrak: Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan tutor PKBM tentang media pembelajarandan meningkatkan penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar di PKMB. langkah yang telah ditempuh dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini mencakup beberapa tahap yakni 1) Persiapan, 2) Pelaksanaan Pelatihan, yang mencakup penyajian materi, penugasan praktik, valuasi dan penyempurnaan karya media pembelajaran,serta refleksi dan penutupan kegiatan pelatihan. Materi yang disajikan oleh pengabdi dapat diterima, dicerna, dan dipahami peserta dengan baik. Jumlah peserta yang sebanding dengan jumlah pengabdi yang berperan sebagai instruktur menjadikan pelatihan ini menjadi lebih kondusif. Kegiatan pelatihan ini telah terlaksana dengan baik karena adanya dukungan dari berbagai hal yakni: Komunikasi dengan anggota tim berlangsung lancar dan efektif sehingga koordinasi tim pada proses persiapan, pembagian tugas, pelatihan dan simulasi dapat berlangsung dengan baik, peserta pelatihan yang terdiri dari tutor PKBM terlihat sangat antusias dan bersemangat dalam mengikuti pelatihan dari awal hingga akhir kegiatan.Abstract: The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge of PKBM tutors about learning media and increase the use of learning media in the teaching and learning process at PKMB. The steps that have been taken in this training activity include several stages, namely 1) Preparation, 2) Training Implementation, which includes material presentation, practice assignments, evaluation and improvement of learning media works, as well as reflection and closing of training activities. The material presented by the devotees can be received, digested, and understood by the participants well. The number of participants who are proportional to the number of devotees who act as instructors makes this training more conducive. This training activity has been carried out well because of the support from various things, namely: Communication with team members went smoothly and effectively so that team coordination in the preparation process, division of tasks, training and simulations could take place well, training participants consisting of PKBM tutors looked very good. enthusiastic and enthusiastic in participating in the training from the beginning to the end of the activity

Basaltic Lava Characteristic in Goa Pandan Area, Sukadana, East Lampung: Inferences from Stratigraphy and Petrography Analysis

The presence of extensive basalt formations in East Lampung has its own attractions in the field of geology, particularly the presence of Goa Pandan as a lava cave and tourist attraction in East Lampung. The presence of basalt lava in the southern part of the South Sumatra Basin has drawn attention to the presence of this lava, but detailed research on the characteristics of the lava and its formation process is still very rare. This study aims to determine the eruption period of the basalt lava and magma evolution process based on the correlation between lava stratigraphy and petrography analysis. Field observations show a lava sequence that forms Goa Pandan. Each lava sequence is characterized by autobreccia and vesicular structures on the surface. In addition, the presence of columnar joints, sheeting joints, massive lava, and other additional structures indicate the characteristics of low-viscosity basalt lava. The presence of mineral structures and abundance under the microscope clearly shows the magma formation process when basalt lava flowed on the surface. Resorption-overgrowth of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals indicates an open system when basalt lava flowed on the surface. In addition, the presence of zoning and patching in plagioclase minerals indicates that magma variability is influenced by temperature. The documentation of this lava stratigraphy can serve as a basis for further understanding of magma characteristics and formation processes. There is still much geological work that can be done in the research area to get a detailed picture of the evolution process of magma and the presence of basalt lava in this area